Essay on Metacognitive Processes from Professional Writers

BLOG In: How to Studying the cognitive processes of human beings, cognitive psychologists use a limited amount of data. Usually, during the experiments, people solve specific tasks, and psychologists measure the reaction time, the accuracy of the solution of these tasks, the type of decisions people make. The psychologists draw conclusions about the cognitive processes that take place in the human brain with regard to the obtained results. However, this is not a limit of the cognitive processes of the human being. Our brain processes both information we receive from the external sources and data we already have in our brain. In particular, other cognitive processes may serve as the object of other cognitive processes. They are called metacognitive ones. First of all, you need to understand what is cognitive psychology and the history of its development. It will allow you to understand better the essay you are about to read. Also in this section: PhD Dissertation Writing Services Online Based on Experience Skillful and Experience Dissertation Editor for Hire Online Buy a Dissertation Online Written by Experienced USA Writers Company That Offers Cheap Research Papers of High Quality Best Custom Essay Writing Service from Skillful Writer A couple of words about our company before getting started. Our primary goal is to meet all the requirement of the customers. Thats why we provide only the best cheap dissertation writers for each and every client. Just sign up on our website and place an order and we will do the rest of the job. We promise you will be satisfied with the job done. How to measure metacognitive processes? How to monitor them? As a rule, in order to study them, confidence evaluation is used. This is a typical metacognitive process. People solve some tasks, and the scientists measure how accurately they cope with them and how fast they do it and how confident people are in these situations. There is a typical example. Do you remember the television game Jeopardy!? In the final round, participants simultaneously answer the same question. They write the answer on the tablet, then the answers are compared. However, at the same time, participants also bet on their answer. If they answer incorrectly, the amount they have bet is deducted from their account. If the answer is correct, this amount is added accordingly. The amount of money people bet represents metacognitive processes, in other words, the assessment of the plausibility of the answer that a participant gives. It is essential to study metacognitive processes due to several reasons. First, it is interesting. One of the primary functions of consciousness or properties of consciousness is reflexivity, that is, the ability of a person to track own cognitive processes and to tell others about them. This is a unique ability of the human being which is peculiar only to certain primates. The second point is that the metacognitive processes allow us to obtain useful information about the primary cognitive processes, and processing of data from the external sources. There is a new essay for our readers which will tell you about such a phenomenon as multiculturalism and the grounds for its emergence and development The third reason for metacognitive processes being now lively studied is their application in medical psychology. Over the past decades, it appeared that most mental disorders are connected with the disorders of metacognitive processes. For example, people with certain types of schizophrenia have a severely impaired ability to assess the adequacy of their cognitive processes, their confidence, how their actions are connected to changes in the external environment. The origins of metacognitive processes studying Considering the history of the study of metacognitive processes, one can distinguish several stages that are mainly related to those branches of cognitive science studied these processes. The first study dedicated to the metacognitive processes was in the frame of memory studies. In the 1960s 1970s, when the mechanisms of memory were already sufficiently described, the researchers turned to questions of how people evaluate their abilities to memorize and reproduce information. The retrospective metacognition and prospective one were studied. Retrospective metacognition is an evaluation of the reproducing information or how well you memorized information youve heard or read a week ago. Prospective metacognitions is, on the contrary, your assessment of how you will reproduce information youve heard or read in a week. With regard to this fact, we want to share with you our tips on memory improvement which our writers use to write the best papers in the world. You can use them for your own benefit. In addition, many interesting effects have been described. One of them is the effect when a person wants to say something, and he or she realizes what should be said, but the words seem to vanish from the memory. The person knows exactly what should be said, but due to some unknown reasons, he or she just can't. This is an excellent example to show you that metacognition actually takes place in our brain since you know that you have this information, but you can use it in this very moment. Essays on our services: Cheap Custom Essays from Academic Writers Online Order a High-Quality Paper from Professional Essay Writers Customer-Friendly Assignment Proofreading Service Online Copyediting and Proofreading Services Without Delays Professional Papers Editing Website Based in the USA The next step in the study of metacognitive processes was to examine the role they play in learning, for example, at school. These studies were actively discussed in the 8090s of the 20th century. Thanks to these studies, the scientists figured out that metacognitive abilities are a potent predictor of childrens progress. It turns out that even pupils with the low IQ, as a result, show academic performance comparable to bright pupils, merely because they adequately evaluate their knowledge, and accordingly, they can use some techniques to eliminate the existing gaps. You are likely to have a lot of written assignments to be done, but you are concerned about the grammar. All you need to do is to order professional paper editing service on our website, and everything will be done shortly. The next branch of psychology which paid attention to the problem of metacognition was the cognitive psychology aimed at such cognitive process as visual perception. Larry Weiskranz conducted several experiments with patients who suffered from blind eye syndrome. Due to this syndrome, a person sees only something to the right or to the left. The peculiarity of this disease is that it is observed in case of injuries of the primary visual cortex. The eye, the visual apparatus, the optic nerve is undamaged but for the primary visual cortex which is responsible for the processing of the visual information on the preliminary stage. If a person has left the side of the visual cortex is damaged, the right side of the visual field is blurred and vice versa. This essay on critical thinking written by our team which we consider to be a perfect addition to the information given in this essay. Follow the link Weiskranz conducted the following experiments with such patients. He set a simple task: they needed to tell which picture they see - a circle or a square. It is not complicated, but if the picture was placed in the blind zone, then the patients could not tell what was in front of them. However, when the subjects were asked to guess which figure is on the screen, they gave a correct answer with surprisingly high accuracy which reached 90%. Those who supervised the experiment thought that these patients have no blind zone and they see everything. Another successful example of how the primary cognitive process occurs is visual perception. We process visual information categorizing objects into different classes. Our grammar editing services will help you to make all the mistakes in your essay disappear to reach perfection. Another branch of psychology which focused on the metacognitive processes is the one, which studies such a phenomenon as thinking. In this area, there is an old dichotomy that is still relevant: thinking and solving problems in an effective way and solving problems with the help of creative thinking. A good solution predisposes that a person uses techniques and heuristics solve a particular problem. Unlike this type of solution, creative thinking involves reinterpreting a situation, a sharp understanding of the correct answer and, as a rule, is accompanied by an emotional signal usually called an insight. Many researchers actually believe that there is no fundamental difference between the two types of thinking and everything can be reduced to the systematic use of known heuristics. If you want a perfect essay written by the experts, just buy argumentative essay at star-writers.com, and we will make sure of it. Janet Metcalfe conducted the following experiment in the late 1980s. She gave the subjects two types of tasks based on two ways of thinking. Every 15 seconds, the subjects had to assess how far he or she got to the solution of the problem, marking it on the scale. If they put the mark closer to the left pole of the scale, it meant that they are far from being close to the solution. If they put it closer to the right pole, it meant that the solution is almost found. This week, it is high time to get academic papers editing service at a considerable discount! Every customer can get a personal discount code via our online chat. It turned out that with an objective approach to the solution of the reproductive task, the estimated proximity of the solution gradually increases. That is, the less time remains the proximity of the solution. At the same time, there was no common pattern for all the types of subjects. At the same time, no particular pattern was observed when solving insight problems. However, when it was only 16 seconds left to solve the problem, the subjects understood how to cope with it. Janet Metcalf and other researchers also consider this experiment to be strong evidence that there are in fact fundamentally different basic cognitive processes. It is the example when the study of metacognitive processes revealed the secrets of basic cognitive processes. Our writers know for sure that hardworking is a key to achieving any goal and they want to share a couple of tips on hardworking for the students who like to read our essays The first theoretical models for explaining or describing metacognitive processes were single-system models. The scientists assumed that the same information was the basis of the primary cognitive and metacognitive processes. For example, if one is asked to compare two sound signals, it will be much easier to complete this task if the difference will be huge than if it will be slight. The followers of single-system models suggest that the difference between the volumes of these signals affects the accuracy of the solutions, the time spent solving the task and the confidence in the decision made. There is an online grammar editor for hire waiting for you at Star-writers.com. Let the professionals do the job while you are relaxing. Other essays you might be interested in: Essay Grammar Check On Business Communication Tips Cheap Essay Writing Service: Branches Of Psychology Thesis Proofreading Service: Freudian Psychoanalysis 24 Hour Essay Writing Services: Skill Mastering Techniques Essay On Honor: Honors Price For A Modern Man It turned out that as a rule, metacognitions do not coincide with the primary cognitive processes. Hakvan Lau of the University of California, Los Angeles, one of the modern researchers interested in this problem, conducted experiments that formed the basis of his metacognition model. In these experiments, he simulated the blind spot syndrome for the healthy subjects. The subjects were shown the pictures with the squares and circles which they were supposed to classify. However, in order to create the necessary conditions, there was a significant obstacle for visual perception. The subjects were allowed to the see the pictures only for a very brief period with a constant noise all over the place. Buy admission essay from star-writers.com to get a pleasant discount for the next order which you can share with your friend as well. Order now! Hakvan Lau achieved two experimental situations. Both situations showed the same level of proximity which reached 80%. Due to the fact that the type of noise was different, in one situation people absolutely clearly saw all the stimuli, and when they were asked to say whether they saw the stimulus or gave an answer randomly, people answered that they saw absolutely everything. In another situation, people responded that they did not see a stimulus. It means that the subjective experience was completely different, while the accuracy of determining the presented picture was the same. This is an excellent example of how the metacognitive process varies with a stable primary process. There is no need to do all the homework all alone if you are a student. You can order affordable essay at Star-writers.com. Our prices are very low! In these studies, the activation of the brain was also studied using functional magnetic resonance tomography. Those areas of the cortex which correlate with visual awareness, that is, with the metacognitive process have been identified. It was the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In the following studies of the Lau group, the researchers intentionally affected this cortex using the transcranial magnetic stimulation method, which allows purposefully study the necessary areas of the brain in a non-invasive way that is without opening the skull. When researchers analyzed the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the same task, it appeared that the metacognitive process varied under the influence of experimenters with the preservation of the primary cognitive process at the same level. The best college essay help is waiting for you at Star-writers.com. You just need to make your choice. Metacognitive processes and artificial intelligence These experiments became the foundations for the hierarchical models of metacognition, according to which the existence of several separate modules in the brain responsible for primary cognitive processes and for secondary, i.e., metacognitive, processes. Another crucial problem our writers want to discuss is the internet and myth about addiction connected to it. In this essay, they tried to study this topic at least a little be to figure out the triggers of this problem The development of neural network models of metacognition processes takes place while basic concepts of these processes are studied. If classical artificial neural networks can learn, for example, to classify objects into two types, then metacognitive neural network models look like this: one network learns to perform the task of classification, and the second learns to predict whether the correct network responds or not. Such models demonstrate the same patterns of metacognition, as people have. That is, it shows confidence, and the second network, in fact, evaluates confidence. It is possible to fix the behavior of the network, which resembles the conscious behavior of the human being in general. The artificial intelligence is another good topic for the discussion. However, this time we just want to share this article on the benefits and risks of artificial intelligence for the humankind and what should we expect in the future. There is another example concerning artificial intelligence is called IBM Watson machine which several years ago overmatched one the strongest English speaking players in Jeopardy!. Watson both understands questions in natural language to find the answer and knows how to bet on its responses. It turns out that IBM has a whole department that teaches it how to evaluate its answers properly. This is not such an easy task, and researchers in the field of artificial intelligence are now engaged in studying this phenomenon. Ready to buy a college essay from a professional team of writers? You are welcome to place an order at Star-writers.com. The metacognitive processes are cognitive processes aimed at other cognitive processes. The basis of the metacognitive processes, apparently, is the individual structures in the brain that provide them. One of the most important scientific problems of the 21st century is the study of metacognitive processes. In addition, soon we should expect a lot of exciting inventions and discoveries in the world of cognitive science, metacognitive processes and artificial intelligence as well. There are plenty of other branches of psychology which might be interesting to you. We hope you will enjoy studying psychology as well as we do. Popular topics: Research Paper from Star-Writers.Com on Modes of Thinking Essay On Myths Of Sisyphus: Philosophy Of Absurdism Steampunk Tendency: Victorian England Is Embraced In Steam Google Now - Voice Assistant Thats More Than Search 10 Useful Tips How To Choose And Buy Perfect House Tips to Calm Your Nerves: How to Handle Comments

Religious Site Report The Holy Trinity Church - 1372 Words

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A Maize Civilization A Corn Civilization - 1579 Words

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Internet Project Target s Social Responsibility

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The Importance Of Internet Privacy - 811 Words

Introduction: The internet has evolved from being a symbol of great revelation and innovation to a part of everyday life. It is used constantly to gather information and to make everyday tasks effortless for people worldwide. As such, having broad access to the internet causes internet users to rarely think about the consequences of putting their personal details on there for all to see. The conversation about internet regulations or internet privacy has been going on for years. It seems to be a never-ending debate about whether individuals should have complete internet privacy or no privacy at all. In the cause of this argument, two prominent beliefs about internet privacy have risen. One argument includes permitting the†¦show more content†¦Additionally, people of all ages use the web for the purpose of staying in touch with others. This means that there are a plethora of people that are communicating with others that are also communicating with others. Eventually, the number of people on the internet grew immensely. On Facebook alone, there are almost 2 billion different users (Fiegerman). For the purpose of staying up to date with others and for being social online, these users share a major part of their personal information. Although some of it might be public, usually most of it is shared through private channels. These users share content that is personally important and even emotional to them. An example could be an old picture of a loved one or an emotional message that is meant to only be seen by the person it is intended for. Allowing the government to monit or these actions takes away from the whole experience. These moments are no longer intimate because there are other people watching everything these internet consumers do, share, or receive online. In order to keep the value of the personal information citizens might share online, the government shouldn’t regulate the internet. 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Learning Materials Found in the National Library of Philippines Free Essays

Last Saturday though the library is only open till 3pm, I manage to revisit the National Library with a special friend, even though I am very much familiar with the materials that this library use and have, I still push to go there to make a list of these things. As I enter the library, I notice that we first logged to the log book gave by the library guards, and these comes in my first list. I was not able to ask the guard the reason for this, but I am sure that this is a part of their security measure. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning Materials Found in the National Library of Philippines or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, on that day, something happened and all on the list that they have with the guard may be use as witness for it. Then, we went to luggage counter to deposit our bags. This is also their way to protect their library from thieves. If you are a first timer in this library, you are required to have a library I. D. Before, when it was my first time, with my classmates, we all pay for the ID, which is worth P50. 00, surprisingly; it is still worth like that. Before you can enter the library as visitor, but now my friend with me, they also require him to have an ID. As I was waiting for my friend to fill up his form in applying an ID for the library, something caught my attention. It was an old Catalog box filled with index cards with list of names and personal information. Then I thought of that maybe these are the ID cards of those who use to be here, just imagine how long this library is running. As we are waiting for the ID, the Elevator caught my attention. The last time we went here, I remember that we used it with my clan. At the right side of the elevator, there you can see the restroom for the user and the office of the personnel of the library. I believe that the office is air conditioned, because the dew and fog made by the air-con which is very visible because of the glass walls. As we go upstairs, students were checking on the computers set for the easy books access. This is the library I saw that uses this kind of technology. You can find here the information that can help you find the books that u need at ease. Once you type the idea of what you need in the book, the computer will give you list of different books, thesis, newspaper, magazines, dissertation and such that is related to your desired book. Aside from that, it will also give you the information about what stations you can find it, author, page, year and lots. If you listed the target books, you will next go to the stations that the computer gave you, for instance the General Books. This station generally composed of books like dictionaries, Bibles, Encyclopedias and such. Each station is air-conditioned but smells like old books. Aside from making the visitors feel comfortable, the main function of this is to take good care of the books, because high temperature will lessen the books’ life span. Each station have place for the visitor like reading stations. These composed of tables and chairs perfect if the book barrower needs a lot of time with the desired books he have. Next item that I have is the small piece of paper given by the library personnel. In this paper, you will write the information you got from the computers of you desired books. This will be given to the library personnel inside the book gallery which will be replaced by another paper containing the book number and book shell of your desired book. This makes the searching easier. Also I notice, in every stations we passed thru, there they have a mini museum of our national treasures and history memorabilia. Before I remember, it took my friends a lot of time here than searching for their books. Aside from that, they also have a photo copy station which becomes very useful during my research making last semester, although pages that are allowed to be copied are very limited. I am not really aware of what is the objective of me going here just to get a list again of the materials that the library have and use, but then I realize at the middle of my list I wrote books. The main reason why people go in a library is they have a need for a certain book, and library without a book in it is not a library. As I was there I also use that opportunity to also read about my present studies in my different subject as part of my advance study. How to cite Learning Materials Found in the National Library of Philippines, Essays

The Role Of Technology In Kurt Vonneguts Writing Essay Example For Students

The Role Of Technology In Kurt Vonneguts Writing Essay OutlineThesis: Technology is the villain in Kurt Vonneguts works because of his hatred of corporate insensitivity and his awareness of the destructive social impact of science and technology. I. Kurt Vonnegut has a great awareness of the destructive social impact of science and technology. A. Contraptions that Vonnegut calls social transplants replace contact with the awful real relatives and friends with synthetic ones. 1. Computers minimize human contact even better than TVs and CD players with headphones can. 2. Vonnegut voices his hate of the computer because it is a nervous system outside of our own. 3. The start of this was in the 4th century before Christ; audiences accepted people who memorized things to say on stage as genuine relatives. 4. Films and plays show us people talking much more entertainingly than really people talk and shows humans making sounds much lovelier than real humans make. 5. All of these have contributed to our lack of contact with our families and other humansB. We no longer have developed imaginations because of technological developments. 1. Parents and teachers must be present to help develop our imaginations. 2. Imagination was very important once because it served as our major source of entertainment. a. People used to be able to read a book and envision the story in their mind and that was entertainment. b. Now there are shows, actors, movies and television to show us the story. C. He believes the American dream has materialized into a junkyard by way of the glories of technology. 1. Technology and salesmanship have stripped and raped the land and divested the people of a sense of pride. 2. People are no longer the hard workers they used to be because machines do their job for them. 3. Many Americans are jobless because of the computerization in corporations, and Vonnegut blames American scientists and technologists for this. 4. Only those who still have manual labor to perform are truly happy. II. Vonnegut has a deep hatred of corporate insensitivity. A. Vonneguts job at General Electric provided him with much material for his novels1. He saw a computer-operated milling machine while he worked at G. E. a. It made perfect sense to have a little box make the decisions. b. He hated the idea though because it was hurting the humans who get dignity from their jobs. 2. His brush with science at G. E. instilled in him a profound dislike of technology. 3. While at G. E. he found profit motives couched in sentimental tributes to pure science and individual freedom being sacrificed for personal advancement. 4. He also noticed how technology was developed in a moral vacuum. 5. He eventually quit his job there to write a novel about people and machines. B. Kurt Vonnegut despises any institution that dehumanizes men and considers him a mere number and not a human being. 1. Too many corporations and business view us as big parts of one animal. a. We are actually separate universes. b. Each universe has its own way of ignoring celebrating or fending of technology. 2. Vonnegut is annoyed at the trend towards the submergence of the individual into a collective state. III. Technology is portrayed as the villain in Kurt Vonneguts writing. A. In Player Piano machines have replaced most of the jobs of humans. 1. The humans prove to be dispensable in a fully automated society. 2. Companies have been computerized so much that the factories are staffed by a handful of men. 3. He foreshadows the mechanical millenium and the bleak future for humans because of the computerization. B. Vonnegut warns us of the bleak future that lies ahead due to the advancement of technology. 1. He hints that we, like the dinosaur and the saber-toothed tiger will face extinction. 2. Humanity is competing with the machines for survival. 3. In Cats Cradle the creation of the ice-nine finishes the destruction of the world that began with the atomic bomb. a. Kurt blames this destruction on the fact that the man who discovered ice-nine never picked up a novel or short story to read. b. Vonnegut says in the novel without literature a person dies either of putrescence of the heart or atrophy of the nervous system. The role of science and technology in Kurt Vonneguts writingKurt Vonnegut has a great awareness of the destructive social impact of science and technology. Contraptions that Vonnegut calls social transplants replace the awful real relatives and friends with synthetic ones. Recordings, radio and television are just a few of these devices. They made it possible to bring those synthetic relatives and friends right into your home and replace those friends and relatives who are a royal pain in the neck with a better class of people. He also believes that computers minimize human contact even better than televisions and compact disc players with headphones did (Vonnegut 266). In fact, Vonneguts least favorite technology is the computer. He believes it is a nervous system outside of our own and it has deprived humans of the experience of becoming. All they have to do now is wait for the next program from Microsoft (Pickering 24). Even films, books and plays show us people talking much more entertainingly than people really talk. While singers and musicians show us humans making sounds far lovelier than humans really make (Skaw 568). All of these technological developments have decreased the amount of contact we have with other humans. The first of these transplants took place in the 4th century before Christ. Audiences accepted attractive people who memorized interesting things to say on stage as genuine relatives and friends (Vonnegut 266). We no longer have a need to make conversation with our dreadful real family and friends, not when we have all of these technological and entertaining transplanted friends and family. Vonnegut believes contemporary society is lonely because we have alienated ourselves from each other because of all of the technology in our world. Throughout his many writings Vonnegut shows his fascination with the way technology changes the social environment (Lundquist 88). He never abandons his theme of hatred for science and technology and its social impact on society. Vonnegut also believes that we no longer have developed imaginations because of destructive technological developments. We are not born with an imagination; teachers and parents help us to develop it. Imagination was once very important because it was your major source of entertainment. The imagination circuit is built in your head. People can read a book and envision it in their mind. However, this is no longer necessary. Now there are shows, actors, and movies that show us the story instead of letting us use our imagination to envision it. We do not need imagination just like we do not need to know how to ride horses in our society. We have cars that can go much faster than horses so why learn how to ride one? This question can be applied to imagination. Why unleash your imagination to envision an unknown world in a book when you have movies and actors that do it for you? Those who have imagination can look into a face and see the stories there to everyone else, a face will be just a face. Science and technology has denied us our imaginations (Freedman 2). In a technologically advanced society, we no longer need it. Vonnegut knows that science and technology have changed America and society tremendously over the years. Technology and salesmanship have raped and stripped the land and divested the people of pride, leaving them ridiculous mechanical men and women. As a result, The American dream of a new Eden with a new Adam, possible in the virgin wilderness of a new land, has materialized into a junkyard by way of the glories of technology (Schulz 348). As Vonnegut sketches his settings, American ghosts haunt them: coastal Indians, whalers, Iroquois tribes, Erie canalmen, and pioneers. All of these people exemplify the American dream and all of these people were destroyed by technology (Uphaus 466). Peopl e of the contemporary society are no longer the hard workers they used to be because machines do their jobs for them. We dont need to work as hard as the Indians, canalmen, pioneers, and whalers. Machines do our jobs for us; all we need to know how to do is push a few buttons. Many Americans are jobless because of the computerization in corporations, and Vonnegut blames American scientists and technologists for this (Uphaus 466). Technology is so destructive that it has taken our jobs away from us and takes away our pride. He believes that only those who still have manual labor to perform are truly happy. He shows this belief in his stories, if he ever were to write a sentimental novel with a conventional happy ending the hero almost certainly will be wearing a blue collar. In his novel, Player Piano, the people who still have manual labor to do are the happiest. Science and technology hasnt affected these people; they still have a job to perform. Kurt Vonnegut is not only aware of the destructive social impact of science and technology; he tries to make you aware of it through his writing. Technology is the villain in his writings because of this awareness. He knows its ability to destroy society and he tries to make you aware of it. Accomplishing what few other writers dare to attempt, he makes Americans see themselves (Kosek 570). Vonnegut has put his finger on an essential problem of our times (Hicks 451). Science and technology has destroyed communication between family members, our ability to use our imagination and has even destroyed the American dream. Kurt Vonnegut has a deep hatred of corporate insensitivity. This hatred stems from a job Vonnegut once held at General Electric in Schenectady, NY. He worked in public relations as an official. His job, the General Electric plant and the town would provide with an abundance of material for his novels. His experiences in the corporate world reappear throughout his novels. While working at G. E. he noticed a computer-operated milling machine. His novel Player Piano was his response to the implication of everything having run by little boxes. It made perfect sense to have the box make the decisions. This would cut down on human error and increase production. But it was too bad for the humans who get dignity from their jobs. The corporation did not care though; they benefit from the computer-operated machine and as long as they are making more money, they are not concerned with the human who they put out of employment (Lundquist 88). His brush with science at G. E. instilled in him a profound dislike of technology (Goldsmith Introduction). In the corporate world, he hated how machines were replacing humans and no one but the people who were losing their jobs cared. While working at General Electric he found profit motives couched in sentimental tributes to pure science and individual freedom was sacrificed for personal advancement. He also noticed how technology was developed in a mora l vacuum. All of these things he noticed through his work and contributed to his hatred of the insensitivity of the corporate world (Giannone 6). He eventually quit his job at G. E. to write a novel about people and machines. Also, he deeply despises any institution, be it scientific, religious, or political that dehumanizes men and considers him a mere number and not a human being (Schatt 348). In many novels he portrays society as a group of stupid, unthinking sheep. He does this because he believes this is how institutions and insensitive corporations view society. Too many corporations view us as parts of one big animal. However, we are separate universes each with its own way of ignoring, celebrating or fending off the effects of technology. Too many corporations view their employees as a group. They are too insensitive to care that they are individual people. His hatred of corporate insensitivity contributes to technology being the villain in his writing. From his experiences, Vonnegut knows that feelings get in the way of progress (Giannone 14). Corporations use this policy; they automate everything they possibly can. He is annoyed by the trend toward automation and the submergence of the individual into a collective state.Corporations do both of these things and that is why they are insensitive. They do not care about the individual employee and they do not care about the dignity the employee gets from completing his job. All of these things contribute to technology being the villain in his writing. His experiences with insensitive corporations have made him hate technology and automation. Therefore, Kurt Vonnegut portrays technology as the villain. In Kurt Vonneguts writing, technology is often the villain. In his novel, Player Piano machines have replaced most of the jobs of humans. Machines replace manual labor and computers have taken over most of the supervision of the machines. The factory is then staffed by a handful of men (Reed 25). Business a nd industry have discovered that they could function more efficiently without inefficient people. As a result, society is almost fully automated with the exceptions of a few jobs computers could not take over, barbering and bartending, because attempts to automate them had failed. The smarter you are in this society the better you are. The computer in this novel, EPICAC XIV, annihilates whatever impedes its efficiency. If you get in the way the machine wipes you out. He portrays technology in a disturbing way in this book. He describes the future as bleak because companies will have computerized successfully. Most everybody will be put out of jobs because of computerization. He writes of the mechanical millenium to come (Klinkowitz 348). Technology is obviously the villain in this novel. Technology has taken over the companies due to corporate insensitivity and society is destroyed because of it. He rails against the mechanization of man in this novel. Other writers may choose to ig nore the technological infringement upon our lives and grope for the cause of the dismay in the lives of their characters, Vonnegut knows the cause and he portrays it as the villain. He constantly warns of the bleak future due to the advancement of technology. He hints that humanity, like the dinosaur and the saber-toothed tiger, face extinction. Humanity is clearly competing with the machines for survival. In Cats Cradle, the creation of the ice-nine finishes the destruction of the world that began with the atomic bomb. He blames this destruction on the fact that the man who discovered ice-nine never picked up a novel or short story to read. He lived in a technological world where reading was not important. Vonnegut believes, Without literature a person dies of either putrescence of the heart of atrophy of the nervous system (Giannone 124). The society has been destroyed by technology so the scientist never experiences reading. Vonnegut suggests that if he had, he may not have deve loped the ice-nine and technology would not have destroyed the world. Technology is the common villain in Kurt Vonneguts writing because he deeply believes it will eventually do away with humans and destroy the world. Works CitedFreedman, David H. ; Schafer, Sarah. Vonnegut and Clancy on Technology. Technology Nov 95: 63Gionne, Richard. Vonnegut: A Preface to His Novels. NY: Kennikat Press, 1977. The dissolution of the manasteries EssayGoldsmith, David H. Kurt Vonnegut Fantasist of Fire and Ice. Ohio: Bowling Green University Poplar Press, 1972. Klinkowitz, Jerome. Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. and the Crime of His Times. Rpt. In Contemporary Literary Criticism Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1973. 348. Lundquist, James. Kurt Vonnegut. New York: Fredrick Ungar Publishing Co., Inc., 1977. Pickering, Carol. Shelflife. Forbes 6 April, 1998: 24Reed, Peter J. Writers for the Seventies: Kurt Vonnegut Jr. New York: Warner Paperback Library, 1972. Schatt, Stanley. Kurt Vonnegut Jr. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1976. Schatt, Stanley. The World of Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed.Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1973. 348. Schulz, Max F. The Unconfirmed Thesis: Kurt Vonnegut, Black Humor, and Contemporary Art. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Carolyn Riley. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1973. 347-348. Vonnegut, Kurt. Technology and Civilization. Forbes 30 November, 1998: 266